References

Acronyms used:

ACIR Advisory Council on Intergovernmental Relations

CBC Canadian Broadcasting Corporation

CFVRD Central Fraser Valley Regional District

CMHC Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation

GVRD Greater Vancouver Regional District

ICURR Intergovernmental Committee on Urban and Regional Research

LMRPB Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board

MTARTS Metropolitan Toronto and Region Transportation Study

MTPB Metropolitan Toronto Planning Board

RPCO Regional Planning Commissioners of Ontario

ACIR. (1961). Governmental structure, organization, and planning in metropolitan areas: Suggested action by local, state, and national governments. Washington, D.C.: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.

ACIR. (1977). Regionalism revisited: Recent areawide and local responses. Washington, D.C.: Advisory Commission on Intergovernmental Relations.

Alberta. (1956). Royal Commission on the Metropolitan Development of Calgary and Edmonton. Edmonton: Government of Alberta.

Alberta. (1981). Regional planning system study: A summary of preliminary findings. Edmonton: Government of Alberta.

Alberta. (1996). Land use policies (OIC 522/96). Edmonton: Government of Alberta.

Alberti, M. (2008). Advances in urban ecology. New York: Springer.

Anselin, L. (1995). Local indicators of spatial association ? LISA. Geographical Analysis, 27, 93?115.

Artibise, A., Cameron, K., & Seelig, J. (2004). Metropolitan Organization in Greater Vancouver: 'Do it yourself' regional government. In D. Phares (Ed.), Metropolitan governance without metropolitan government? (pp. 195-211). Aldershot: Ashgate.

Artibise, A., Wollenber, J., Hotson, N., & Fallick, A. (1990). Town centres and the livable region, a strategy for the 1990s: A policy discussion paper prepared for the Greater Vancouver Regional District. Vancouver: Greater Vancouver Regional District.

Bartholomew, H. (1946). A preliminary report upon decentralization and regional planning. Vancouver, B.C.: City of Vancouver Town Planning Commission.

Berelowitz, L. (2005). Dream city: Vancouver and the global imagination. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.

Bish, R. L. (1971). The public economy of metropolitan areas. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing.

Boudreau, J.-A. (2000). The MegaCity saga: Democracy and citizenship in the global age. Montreal: Black Rose Books.

Bourne, L. S. (1981). The geography of housing. London: Arnold.

Bourne, L. S. (1996). Reurbanization, uneven urban development, and the debate on new urban forms. Urban Geography, 17(8), 690-713.

Brody, S.D., Highfield, W.E., and S. Thornton. (2006) Planning at the urban fringe: an examination of the factors influencing nonconforming development patterns in southern Florida. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 33(1), 75-96.

Bruegmann, R. (2005). Sprawl: A compact history. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Buckwalter, D.W., & Rugg, D.S. (1986). Delimiting the physical city: Disparities between methods of calculating population densities. Professional Geographer, 38(3), 258-263.

Burchfield, M. (2010). Implementing residential intensification targets: Lessons from research on intensification rates in Ontario. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Burchfield, M., Moldofsky, B., & Ashley, J. (2007). A methodology for estimating the historical rate of residential intensification between 1991 and 2001 for the Toronto Region. GIS and Cartography at University of Toronto - Technical Paper Series. Retrieved from <http://www.geog.utoronto.ca/research/publications/gcut/gcut_home>.

Burchfield, M., Overman, H.G., Puga, D., and Turner, M.A. (2006). Causes of sprawl: A portrait from space. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 121(2), 587?633.

Calgary Regional Planning Commission. (1984). The Calgary Regional Plan (Office consolidation, February 1, 1990 ed.). Calgary: Calgary Regional Planning Commission.

Campbell, C. (2006). Forever farmland: Reshaping the Agricultural Land Reserve for the 21st century. Vancouver: David Suzuki Foundation.

Carruthers, J.I., & Ulfarsson, G.F. (2003). Urban sprawl and the cost of public services. Environment and Planning B, 30, 503-522.

CBC. (2006). Calgary could face water shortage: Report. Retrieved from <http://www.cbc.ca/canada/calgary/story/2006/10/23/shringing-rivers.html?....

CFVRD et al. (1980). Plan for the Lower Mainland of British Columbia. Vancouver: Central Fraser Valley Regional District, Dewdney-Allouette Regional District, Greater Vancouver Regional District, Regional District of Fraser Cheam.

Chen, Z., Grasby, S.E., Osadetz, K.G., & Fesko, P. (2006). Historical climate and stream flow trends and future water demand analysis in the Calgary region, Canada. Water Science & Technology, 53(10), 1-11.

City of Calgary. (1970). The Calgary Plan. Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (1979). Calgary General Municipal Plan (Adopted 1979; office consolidation 1981 ed.). Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (1995a). Calgary Transportation Plan. Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (1995b). Sustainable suburbs study: Creating more fiscally, socially and environmentally sustainable communities. Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (1998). The Calgary Plan. Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (2005). Calgary Transportation Plan. Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (2006). Suburban residential growth 2006-2010. Calgary: City of Calgary.

City of Calgary. (2007a). Annexation geodatabase. Calgary: Land Use Planning and Policy Division. Data is as current as the most recent annexation, 2007.

City of Calgary. (2007b). Established areas: Growth & change 2007. Monitoring Growth and Change Series. Calgary: City of Calgary, Land Use Planning & Policy / Growth Management Technical Team.

City of Toronto. (1969). Official Plan for the City of Toronto: Part I.

CMHC. n.d. Residential intensification case studies, built projects: Garrison Woods, Calgary, Alberta. Retrieved from <http://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/en/inpr/su/sucopl/upload/Garrison-Woods-Calga...

Comber, A., Fisher, P., & Wadsworth, R. (2005). What is land cover? Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32, 199-209.

Cox, Wendell. 2009. Special Report: Infill in US urban areas. Retrieved from <http://www.newgeography.com/content/00852-special-report-infill-us-urban....

Crombie, D. (1996). Recommendations of the 'Who Does What' Panel on Local Governance. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (Ontario).

Cullingworth, J.B. (1987). Urban and regional planning in Canada. Oxford: Transaction Press.

Danielsen, K., Lang, R., & Fulton, W. (1999). Retracting suburbia: Smart growth and the future of housing. Housing Policy Debate, 10(3), 513-540.

Davis, C., & Schaub, T. (2005). A transboundary study of urban sprawl in the Pacific Coast region of North America: The benefits of multiple measurement methods. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 7(4), 268-283.

Demographia. (2006). USA: Number of General Purpose Governments in Metropolitan Areas over 500,000. Retrieved from <http://www.demographia.com/db-metgovts2002.htm>.

Du, P., Burchfield, M., Moldofsky, B., & Ashley, J. (2007). A guide for deriving a consolidated built-up urban area for the Toronto metropolitan region using satellite imagery. GIS and Cartography at University of Toronto - Technical Paper Series. Retrieved from <http://www.geog.utoronto.ca/research/publications/gcut/gcut_home>.

Duany, A., & Plater-Zyberk, E. (2009). The transect. Center for Applied Transect Studies website. Retrieved from <www.transect.org/transect.html>.

Duncan, J., & Duncan, N. (1988). (Re)reading the landscape. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 6(2), 117-126.

Ewing, R. (1997). Is Los Angeles-style sprawl desirable? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1), 107-126.

Ewing, R., Pendall, R., & Chen, D. (2002). Measuring sprawl and its impact: The character and consequences of metropolitan expansion. Washington, D.C.: Smart Growth America. Retrieved from <http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/sprawlindex/sprawlindex.html>.

Feiock, R.C. (2009). Metropolitical governance and institutional collective action. Urban Affairs Review, 44(3), 356-377.

Filion, P. (2002). Postmodern planning: All talk, no action? In C. Andrew, K.A. Graham & S.D. Phillips (Eds.), Urban Affairs: Back on the Policy Agenda (pp. 265-285). Montreal: McGill-Queen's.

Filion, P. (2007). The urban growth centres strategy in the Greater Golden Horseshoe: Lessons from downtowns, nodes, and corridors. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Fishman, R. (Ed.). (2000). The American planning tradition: Culture and policy. Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Foran, M. (2009). Expansive discourses: Urban sprawl in Calgary, 1945-1978. Edmonton: Athabasca University Press.

Fraser, D.M., & Neary, B.P. (2004). The state of greenlands protection in South-Central Ontario. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Friedmann, J., & Miller, J. (1965). The urban field. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 31, 313-334.

Frisken, F. (1993). Planning and servicing the Greater Toronto Area: The interplay of provincial and municipal interests. In D.N. Rothblatt & A. Sancton (Eds.), Metropolitan Governance: American/Canadian Intergovernmental Perspectives. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press.

Frisken, F. (2001). The Toronto story: Sober reflections on fifty years of experiments with regional governance. Journal of Urban Affairs, 23(5), 513-541.

Frisken, F. (2008). The public metropolis: The political dynamics of urban expansion in the Toronto region, 1924-2003. Toronto: CSPI.

Fulton, W., Pendall, R., Nguyen, M., & Harrison, A. (2001). Who sprawls the most? How growth patterns differ across the US. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.

Galster, G., Hanson, R., Ratcliffe, M., Wolman, H., Coleman, S., & Freihage, J. (2001). Wrestling sprawl to the ground: Defining and measuring an elusive concept. Housing Policy Debate, 12(4), 681?717.

Gar-on Yeh, A. (2001). Measurement and monitoring of urban sprawl in a rapidly growing region using entropy. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing, 67(1), 83?90.

Garber, J.A., & Imbroscio, D. (1996). 'The myth of the North American City' reconsidered: Local constitutional regimes in Canada and the United States. Urban Affairs Review, 31(5), 595-624.

Garcea, J., & LeSage, E.C. (Eds.). (2005). Municipal reform in Canada: Reconfiguration, re-empowerment, and rebalancing. Toronto: Oxford University Press.

Garrish, C. (2002/03). Unscrambling the omelette: Understanding British Columbia's Agricultural Land Reserve. B.C. Studies(136), 25-55.

Geddes, P. (1925). The valley plan of civilization. The Survey(54).

Getis, A. (2008). A history of the concept of spatial autocorrelation: A geographer's perspective. Geographical Analysis, 40, 297?309.

Goldberg, M., & Mercer, J. (1986). The myth of the North American City: Continentalism challenged. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Gordon, P., & Richardson, H.W. (1997). Are compact cities a desirable planning goal? Journal of the American Planning Association, 63(1), 95-106.

GTA Task Force. (1996). Report of the GTA Task Force. Toronto: Government of Ontario.

Guindon, B., & Zhang, Y. (2007). Using satellite remote sensing to survey transport-related urban sustainability. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 9(3), 276?93.

GVRD. (1971). Annual report. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1975). The Livable Region 1976/1986: Proposals to manage the growth of Greater Vancouver. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1981). Annual report. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1990). Creating our future: Steps to a more livable region. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1991). Annual report. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1992). Creating Greater Vancouver's Green Zone: A framework. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1996). The Livable Region Strategic Plan. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (1997). Compendium of Green Zone initiatives 1991-1996: Background report for Green Zone Priorities for Tomorrow Conference. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (2002). Census Bulletin #1: Population and dwelling counts. Retrieved from <http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/publications/Publications/Census2001.... Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (2003). Regional town centres and office development: Promoting employment in accessible locations. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (2004). Why a network of centres? Retrieved from <http://www.metrovancouver.org/planning/development/livablecentres/Pages/.... Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (2006a). 2005 Annual report: Livable Region Strategic Plan. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (2006b). Livable Region Strategic Plan review: Population growth issues and options workshop backgrounder, Technical Advisory Committee Workshop. Burnaby, B.C.

GVRD. (2007). Regional growth strategy review backgrounder #4, urban residential growth patterns 1982-2006. Retrieved from <http://www.metrovancouver.org/planning/development/strategy/BackgroundPa.... Burnaby, B.C.

Hall, P., & Taylor, R. (1996). Political science and the three new institutionalisms. Political Studies, 44, 936-957.

Harcourt, M., Cameron, K., & Rossiter, S. (2007). City making in paradise: Nine decisions that saved Vancouver. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyre.

Hardwick, W. (1974). Vancouver. Don Mills, Ont.: Collier-Macmillan Canada.

Harvey, D. (1982). The limits to capital. London: Verso.

Hodge, G., & Robinson, I.M. (2001). Planning Canadian regions. Vancouver: UBC Press.

Holloway, D. & Bunker, R. (2003). Using GIS as an aid to understanding urban consolidation. Australian Geographical Studies, 41(1): 44?57.

Howard, E. (1965 [1902]). Garden cities of tomorrow. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Huang, J, Lu, X.X., & Sellers, J.M. (2007). A global comparative analysis of urban form: Applying spatial metrics and remote sensing. Landscape and Urban Planning, 82(4), 184?97.

Hugo, G., Champion, A. & Lattes, A. (2003). Toward a new conceptualization of settlements for demography. Population and Development Review, 29 (2):277-97.

IBI Group. (1990). Greater Toronto Region urban concepts study. Toronto: Office of the Greater Ontario Area.

Jabareen, Y.R. (2006). Sustainable urban forms: Their typologies, models, and concepts. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 26, 38-52.

Jackson, J.N. (1964). Geography and planning in British Columbia: The Publications of the Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board. Canadian Geographer, 8(2), 92-96.

Jacquin, A., Misakova, L., & Gay, M. (2008). A hybrid object-based classification approach for mapping urban sprawl in periurban environment. Landscape and Urban Planning, 84(2), 152?65.

Kanter, R. (1990). Space for all: Options for a Greater Toronto greenlands strategy. Toronto.

Kotkin, J. (2005). The city: A global history. New York: Modern Library.

Lacour, C., & Puissant, S. (2007). Re-urbanity: Urbanising the rural and ruralising the urban. Environment and Planning A, 39, 728-47.

Lewis, P.G. (2004). An old debate confronts new realities: Large suburbs and economic development in the metropolis. In R.C. Feiock (Ed.), Metropolitan governance: Conflict, competition, and cooperation (pp. 95-123). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Lightbody, J. (2006). City politics, Canada. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview Press.

LMRPB. (1952). The Lower Mainland looks ahead: A report and outline plan for the development of the Lower Mainland Region of British Columbia. New Westminster, B.C.: Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board.

LMRPB. (1956). Economic aspects of urban sprawl: A technical report. New Westminster, B.C.: Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board.

LMRPB. (1963a). Chance and challenge: A concept and plan for the development of the Lower Mainland Region. New Westminster, B.C.: Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board.

LMRPB. (1963b). Land for living: Outlook for residential development in the Lower Mainland New Westminster, B.C.: Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board.

LMRPB. (1966). Official Regional Plan of the Lower Mainland Planning Area. New Westminster, B.C.: Lower Mainland Regional Planning Board.

Logan, J.R., & Molotch, H.L. (2007). Urban fortunes: The political economy of place, 20th anniversary edition. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Lower Mainland Plan Review Panel. (1979). The way ahead: A report on the state of the Lower Mainland. Burnaby, B.C.: Technical Liaison Committee, Lower Mainland Official Regional Plan Update, Greater Vancouver Regional District.

Magnusson, W., & Carroll, W.K. (Eds.). (1984). The new reality: The politics of restraint in British Columbia. Vancouver: New Star Books.

Mahoney, J., & Rueschemeyer, D. (Eds.). (2003). Comparative historical analysis in the social sciences. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Masson, J., & LeSage, E. (1994). Alberta's local governments: Politics and democracy. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press.

McHarg, I. (1969). Design with nature. Garden City, NY: Natural History Press.

Meinig, D.W. (Ed.). (1979). The interpretation of ordinary landscapes. New York: Oxford University Press.

Mesev, V. (Ed.) (2003). Remotely sensed cities. London: Taylor and Francis.

Metro Toronto. (1981). Official Plan for the urban structure (First office consolidation ed.). Toronto: Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

Metro Toronto. (1992). The liveable metropolis: Draft Official Plan - September 1992. Toronto: Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto.

Metro Vancouver (2001). Key facts -- 2001 land use. Retrieved from <http://www.metrovancouver.org/ABOUT/STATISTICS/Pages/KeyFacts.aspx>. Burnaby, B.C.

Metro Vancouver. (2006). Metro Vancouver's 2006 generalized land use by municipality. Retrieved from <http://www.metrovancouver.org/about/statistics/Pages/KeyFacts.aspx>. Burnaby, B.C.

Metro Vancouver. (2007). Regional Growth Strategy review backgrounder #7: Agriculture and the Regional Growth Strategy. Burnaby, B.C.

Metro Vancouver. (2008). Protecting the Region's Natural Assets. Slide presentation. Burnaby, B.C.

Miller, G., Emeneau, J., & Farrow, J. (1997). GTA urban structure: An analysis of progress towards the vision. Toronto: Canadian Urban Institute.

Moran, P.A.P. (1948). The interpretation of statistical maps. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B, 37, 243?51.

MTARTS. (1966). Growth and travel, past and present (vol. 1). Toronto: Government of Ontario.

MTARTS. (1967). Choices for a growing region (vol. 2). Toronto: Government of Ontario.

MTPB. (1959). The Official Plan of the Metropolitan Toronto Planning Area (Draft). Toronto: Metropolitan Toronto Planning Board.

MTPB. (1965). Official Plan of the Metropolitan Toronto Planning Area (Draft). Toronto: Metropolitan Toronto Planning Board.

Nelson, A., Dawkins, C.J., & Sanchez, T.W. (2007). The social impacts of urban containment. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J.R. (1999). Sustainability and cities: Overcoming automobile dependence. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.

Norris, D. F. (2001). Prospects for regional governance under the new regionalism: Economic imperatives versus political impediments. Journal of Urban Affairs, 25(3), 557-571.

North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. New York: Cambridge.

O'Neill, R.V., Krummel, J.R., Gardner, R.H., Sucihara, G., Jackson, B., DeAngelis, D.L., Milne, B.T., Turner, M.G., Zygmunt, B., Christensen, S.W., Dale, V.H., & Graham, R.L. (1988). Indices of landscape pattern. Landscape Ecology, 1(3), 153-62.

Oberlander, H.P., & Smith, P. J. (1993). Governing Metropolitan Vancouver: Regional intergovernmental relations in British Columbia. In D. N. Rothblatt & A. Sancton (Eds.), Metropolitan governance: American/Canadian intergovernmental perspectives. Berkeley: Institute of Governmental Studies Press.

Ontario. (1970a). Design for development: The Toronto-Centred Region. Toronto: Department of Treasury and Economics, Regional Development Branch.

Ontario. (1970b). Suggested code of practice. Toronto: Ministry of Agriculture.

Ontario. (1976). Agricultural code of practice. Toronto: Ministry of Agriculture.

Ontario. (1978). Food land guidelines. Toronto: Ministry of Agriculture.

Ontario. (1989). Policy Statement: Land use planning for housing. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Ministry of Housing (Ontario).

Ontario. (1992a). Growth and settlement policy guidelines. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs.

Ontario. (1992b). Urban form: Bringing the vision into focus - Report of the Provincial-Municipal Urban Form Working Group. Toronto: Office of the Greater Toronto Area.

Ontario. (1995). Comprehensive set of Policy Statements. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs.

Ontario. (1997). Provincial Policy Statement. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs.

Ontario. (2005a). Greenbelt Plan 2005. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing.

Ontario. (2005b). Provincial Policy Statement. Toronto: Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing.

Ontario. (2006). The growth plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Toronto: Ministry of Public Infrastructure Renewal. Retrieved from <http://www.placestogrow.ca/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=9&I....

Onyschuk, B., Kovacevic, M., & Nikolakakos, P. (2001). Smart growth in North America: New ways to create liveable communities. Toronto: Canadian Urban Institute.

Orfield, M. (1997). Metropolitics: A regional agenda for community and stability. Washington, D.C. and Cambridge, Mass.: Brookings Institution & the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Peiser, R. (1989). Density and urban sprawl. Land Economics, 65(3),193-204.

Pendall, R., Martin, J., & Fulton, W. (2002). Holding the line: Urban containment in the United States. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Center on Urban and Metropolitan Policy.

Penfold, G.E., Vigod, T., & Sewell, J. (1993). New planning for Ontario: Final report. Toronto: Commission on Planning and Development Reform in Ontario.

Perry, H. G. T. (1944). Reports of the post-war Rehabilitation Council: The interim report (1943) and supplementary report (1944). Victoria, B.C.: Government of British Columbia.

Peterson, P. (1981). City limits. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Petter, A. (1985). Sausage Making in British Columbia's NDP Government: The Creation of the Land Commission Act, August 1972-April 1973. B.C. Studies(65), 3-33.

Phares, D. (Ed.). (2004). Metropolitan governance without metropolitan governance? Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.

Pickett, S., Burch, W., Dalton, S., Foresman, T., Grove, J., & Rowntree, R. (1997). A conceptual framework for the study of human ecosystems in urban areas. Urban Ecosystems, 1(4), 185?199.

Pierson, P. (2005). The study of policy development. Journal of Policy History, 17(1), 34-51.

Pierson, P., & Skocpol, T. (2002). Historical institutionalism in contemporary political science. In I. Katznelson & H.V. Milner (Eds.), Political science: The state of the discipline (pp. 693-721). New York: W.W. Norton.

Post, S. S. (2004). Metropolitan area governance and institutional collective action. In R.C. Feiock (Ed.), Metropolitan governance: Conflict, competition, and cooperation (pp. 67-92). Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Prud'homme, R., & Lee, C.-W. (1999). Size, sprawl, speed and the efficiency of cities. Urban Studies, 36(11), 1849-1858.

Puderer, H. (2008). Defining and measuring metropolitan areas: A comparison between Canada and the United States. Retrieved from http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/92f0138m/92f0138m2008002-eng.htm.

Rashed, T. (2008). Remote sensing of within-class change in urban neighborhood structures. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 32(5), 343?54.

Regional Planning Division. (1945). Preliminary Report on 'Proposed Lower Mainland Regional Plan.' Victoria, B.C.: Bureau of Post-War Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Government of British Columbia.

Richardson, N. (1981). Insubstantial pageant: The rise and fall of provincial planning in Ontario. Canadian Public Administration, 24(4).

RPCO. (2003). Building nodes in the Greater Toronto Area, Report to the Smart Growth Central Ontario Gridlock Sub-Panel. Toronto: Regional Planning Commissioners of Ontario - GTA Caucus.

Rusk, D. (1993). Cities without suburbs (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.

Rusk, D. (1999). Inside game / outside game. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.

Rybczynski, W. (2007). Last harvest: From cornfield to new town. New York: Scribner.

Sancton, A. (1994). Governing Canada's city-regions: Adapting form to function. Montreal: IRPP.

Sancton, A. (2000). Merger mania: The assault on local government. Montreal: McGill-Queen's.

Sancton, A. (2008). The limits of boundaries: Why city-regions cannot be self-governing. Montreal and Kingston: McGill-Queen's.

Sandalack, B.A., & Nicolai, A. (2006). The Calgary project: Urban form / urban life. Calgary: University of Calgary Press.

Sanyal, B. (Ed.). (2005). Comparative planning cultures. Boston: Routledge Keegan Paul.

Savitch, H.V., & Kantor, P. (2002). Cities in the international marketplace: The political economy of urban development in North America and Western Europe: Princeton University Press.

Schneider, A., Seto, K.C., & Webster, D.R. (2005). Urban growth in Chengdu, Western China: An application of remote sensing to assess planning and policy outcomes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 32(3), 323?45.

Schneider, A., & Woodcock, C.E. (2008). Compact, dispersed, fragmented, extensive? A comparison of urban growth in twenty-five global cities using remotely sensed data, pattern metrics and census information. Urban Studies, 45(3), 659?92.

Sellers, J.M. (2002). Governing from below: Urban regions and the global economy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Smart Growth BC. (2002). Sprawl and smart growth in Greater Vancouver: A comparison of Vancouver, British Columbia, with Seattle, Washington. Vancouver and Seattle: Smart Growth BC and Northwest Environment Watch.

Smith, P.J., & Oberlander, H.P. (2006). Greater Vancouver: L'exception canadienne metropolitaine. In E. Razin & P.J. Smith (Eds.), Metropolitan governing: Canadian cases, comparative lessons (pp. 147-183). Jerusalem: Hebrew University Magnes Press.

Spaeth, J. D. (1975). Regional town centres: A policy report. A background report for the Livable Region 1976/1986. Vancouver: GVRD.

Statistics Canada. (2001). Census Dictionary. Retrieved from <http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census01/Products/Reference/dict/dwe013.....

Statistics Canada. (2006). Census dictionary. Retrieved from http://www12.statcan.ca/english/census06/reference/dictionary/index.cfm

Statistics Canada. E-STAT. Retrieved from <http://www.statcan.gc.ca/estat/estat-eng.htm>.

Steinmo, S., Thelen, K., & Longstreth, F. (Eds.). (1992). Structuring politics: Historical institutionalism in comparative analysis. New York: Cambridge.

Stoker, G., & Mossberger, K. (1994). Urban regime theory in comparative perspective. Environment and Planning C, 12, 195-212.

Talen, E. (1996). Do plans get implemented? A review of evaluation in planning. Journal of Planning Literature, 10(3), 248-259.

Talen, E. (1999). Sense of community and neighbourhood form: An assessment of the social doctrine of New Urbanism. Urban Studies, 36(8), 1361-1380.

Taylor, Z., with J. van Nostrand. (2008). Shaping the Toronto region, past, present, and future: An exploration of the potential effectiveness of changes to planning policies governing greenfield development in the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Tennant, P., & Zirnhelt, D. (1973). Metropolitan government in Vancouver: A strategy of gentle imposition. Canadian Public Administration, 16(Spring), 124-138.

Thelen, K. (2002). The explanatory power of historical institutionalism. In R. Mayntz (Ed.), Akteure - Mechanismen - Modelle: Zur Theoriefahigkeit makro-sozialer Analysen. Frankfurt/New York: Campus Verlag.

Theobald, D.M. (2001). Land-use dynamics beyond the American urban fringe. Geographical Review, 91(3), 544-564.

Tomalty, R. (1997). The compact metropolis: Growth management and intensification in Vancouver, Toronto, and Montreal. Toronto: ICURR.

Tomalty, R. (2002). Growth management in the Vancouver region. Local Environment, 7(4), 431-445.

Tomalty, R., & Alexander, D. (2005). Smart growth in Canada: Implementation of a planning concept. Ottawa: CMHC.

Tsai, Y-H. (2005). Quantifying urban form: Compactness versus 'sprawl.' Urban Studies, 42(1), 141?61.

Urbaniak, T. (2009). Her Worship: Hazel McCallion and the development of Mississauga. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.

Verma, N. (Ed.). (2007). Institutions and planning. New York: Elsevier.

Vogel, R.K. (2002). Metropolitan planning organizations and the new regionalism: The case of Louisville. Publius, 32(1), 107-129.

Walton, M. (2003). Agriculture in the Central Ontario Zone (vol. 1). Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Watson, J. W. (1952). Review of 'The Lower Mainland Looks Ahead.' Community Planning Review, 2(3), 90-92.

Weber, C. (2001). Remote sensing data used for urban agglomeration delimitation. In J.-P. Donnay, M. J. Barnsley & P. A. Longley (Eds.), Remote Sensing and Urban Analysis: GISDATA9. New York: Taylor and Francis.

White, R. (2003). Urban infrastructure and urban growth in the Toronto region: 1950s to the 1990s. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

White, R. (2007). The Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe in historical perspective. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Wilson, J.W. (1952). Regional planning in British Columbia. Community Planning Review, 2(4), 102-104.

Wolman, H., Galster, G., Hanson, R., Ratcliffe, M., Furdell, K., & Sarzynski, A. (2005). The fundamental challenge in measuring sprawl: Which land should be considered? The Professional Geographer, 57(1), 94?105.

Wright, R. (2000). The evolving physical condition of the Greater Toronto Area: Space, form and change. Toronto: Neptis Foundation.

Zeng, H., Sui, D.Z., & Li, S. (2005). Linking urban field theory with GIS and remote sensing to detect signatures of rapid urbanization on the landscape: Toward a new approach for characterizing urban sprawl. Urban Geography, 26(5), 410?34.

Zhang, Y., & Guindon, B. (2006). Using satellite remote sensing to survey transport-related urban sustainability. Part 1: Methodologies for indicator quantification. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, 8(3), 149?64.